Authors will be required to conform fully with the approved style of the journal, as set out below. Particular attention should be paid to the formatting of references, double spacing throughout and inclusion of keywords and abstracts. They should note the statement of editorial policy of the journal preceding these instructions. Critical comments on articles previously published in the journal are welcome. However, it is not the policy of the journal to publish translations of articles which have already appeared in a foreign language that should be accessible to most of an educated and interested readership.

The required length of articles is between 5,000 and 8,000 words or word equivalents, including all material. Authors are required to include an ABSTRACT of their article of up to 150 words maximum and up to six keywords, suitable for indexing and online search purposes.

All submissions should be made online at Ethnic and Racial Studies Manuscript Central site. New users should first create an account. Once a user is logged onto the site submissions should be made via the Author Centre. Clear instructions are provided.

Typescripts Articles should be double-spaced throughout, including Notes and list of References. Wide margins should be left all around the text on each page, including at least 4 cm (1.6 in.) on the left-hand margin. All pages, including Notes, References and tables, should be numbered. A standard typeface (such as Ariel or Times New Roman) is preferred. The first paragraph of each section should start at the left-hand margin; the first line of subsequent paragraphs should be indented.

Style Abbreviations and technical terms must normally be explained in the text; however, if the former are numerous, they may be listed separately after the text of the article. Quotations should be enclosed with single quotation marks. Substantial quotations of forty or more words should be indented and cited without quotation marks. Double quotation marks should be used between single ones and in indented matter. Where part of a quotation is italicized it should be indicated whether this was in the original version or has been added for emphasis (e.g., Messina 1989, p. 24, emphasis in original; or: Messina 1989, p. 24, emphasis added). Italicization should be indicated in the text by typing or printing in italics or by underlining. The omission of matter within quoted text should be indicated by ellipsis marks (...).

If section headings and subheadings are used, their hierarchy of importance should be clear and consistent. A hierarchy of headings and subheadings should not normally exceed three levels. Section headings should not be underlined; if possible, they should be emboldened. Subheadings should be typed or printed in italics or underlined.

Authors should use gender-free language, avoiding masculine terms when the intention is to cover both genders. However, this instruction should not be followed at the expense of committing grammatical solecisms; where there is a temptation to do this, the sentence should be reformulated.

As far as possible, Ethnic and Racial Studies follows the spelling conventions of the current edition of The Concise Oxford Dictionary, including such matters as accents. Where alternatives are given, ERS prefers the first one. 'Ize/ization' suffixes should be used in preference to 'ise/isation' ones, although note 'analyse' and not 'analyze'. 'Focused/_focusing' and 'inquire/inquiry' are preferred to 'focussed/focussing' and 'enquire/enquiry' respectively. Spelling practices must be consistent throughout the article, except that the spelling used by the authors of quoted matter should always be respected; however, do not sprinkle 'sic' throughout text that contains numerous obviously idiosyncratic spellings.

The use of upper-case letters should be kept to a minimum. It is editorial policy to use lower-case first letters for 'black/white' (whether as noun or adjective) and for 'blacks'/'whites'; this signifies no disrespect whatsoever on the part of the editors towards either group.

Full stops should be used after abbreviations (p., pp.) but not after contractions (Dr, Mr, St) or acronyms (NATO, UNESCO) or universally identifiable abbreviations (BBC, MP, USA). Note especially 'ed.' but 'eds', 'vol.' but 'vols', and 'no.' but 'nos'. Conventions to be followed concerning dates are: 8 July 1980; on 8 July; on the 8th; the 1980s [no apostrophe]; the eighties; the twentieth century; twentieth-century authors; the 1914-18 war; between 1914 and 1918. Numbers of 100 or more should be written as numerals, with appropriate commas if 1,000 or more, unless they begin a sentence. Numbers lower than 100 should be spelt out, unless they contain a decimal or a fraction, or they are part of a text containing much numerical discussion, or they are percentages not at the beginning of a sentence. 'Per cent' should always be used in textual matter, not 'percent' or '%'. The latter should generally be used only in the body of tables.

Tables These must be properly titled and numbered consecutively in the order in which they are to appear in the text. Each table should be prepared on a separate page or separate pages at the end of the typed or printed article and its approximate position in the text should be indicated (e.g., 'Table 1 about here'). Authors should consult recent issues of the journal for examples of the format and style of tables that must be followed; particular care should be taken to follow the journal's practices concerning lower- and upper-case usage, italicization and the location of '%'-signs. The titles of tables should be in italics, as should the titles of figures. Bold or Roman capitals should NOT be used.

Diagrams Diagrams, including graphs and maps, should be camera-ready and as clear and simple as possible and be kept to the necessary minimum. They must all be referred to as 'Figure' and must have their own title; they too should be numbered consecutively in the order in which they are to appear and their approximate position should also be indicated in the text. It is preferable that maps be purpose-drawn to include only those features referred to in the text; if not, the source of a map must be cited. Necessary copyright permission for the reproduction of any already published diagram must have been obtained by the author or authors and the editors and publishers will want documentary evidence to that effect.

Electronic Processing

We welcome figures sent electronically, but care and attention to these guidelines are essential as importing graphics packages can often be problematic.

• Figures must be saved individually and separate to text. Please do not embed figures in the paper file.
• Avoid the use of colour and tints for purely aesthetic reasons.
• Figures should be produced as near to the finished size as possible and have a resolution of at least 300dpi.
• All figures must be numbered in the order in which they appear in the paper (e.g. figure 1, figure 2). In multi-part figures, each part should be labelled (e.g. figure 1(a), figure 1(b)).
• Figure captions must be saved separately, as part of the file containing the complete text of the paper, and numbered correspondingly.
• The filename for the graphic should be descriptive of the graphic, e.g. Figure1, Figure2a.
• Files should be saved as one of the following formats: TIFF (tagged image file format), PostScript or EPS (encapsulated PostScript), and should contain all the necessary font information and the source file of the application (e.g. CorelDraw/Mac, CorelDraw/PC).

Textual references Unless an article cites many primary sources and/or legal cases, referencing in the text should be set within parentheses (round brackets) using the so-called Harvard system of author(s), year of publication and (where appropriate) page number(s). These references should be inserted into the text as close as possible to the relevant point as is consistent with clarity and legibility. The usages contained in the following various examples should be followed as appropriate; these cover all major situations and the point being demonstrated is made explicitly where it is not immediately obvious.

• As Dollard (1957) argues; Dollard's (1957) classic study; (Perrineau 1985)
• (Messina 1989, pp. 23-6) - use the minimum number of digits in page numbers, except between '10' and '19', '110' and '119', etc. (pp. 211-18); referencing to individual chapters with inclusive page numbers in the edition being cited, rather than to chapter numbers, is preferred
• (Banton 1987a; 1987b) - two or more references to works by the same author published in the same year should be distinguished in this way
• (Banton 1983; 1987a) but (Banton 1983, p. 104; Banton 1987a, p. 129) - omit the author's surname after the first reference only if he or she is the only one being cited within a set of parentheses and if only years of publication but not page numbers are being used in all instances
• (Banton 1987a; Anthias 1992) - order by ascending year of publication rather than alphabetically by surname of author, using the latter criterion only when citing differently authored publications from the same year
• (Butler and Stokes 1974; Himmelweit et al. 1981) - works by up to three co-authors should cite the surnames of all co-authors, while those with four or more co-authors should be cited using only the surname of the first, followed by 'et al.'

The corresponding list of References should be typed or printed separately double-spaced at the end of the article beginning on a new page and titled merely 'References'; this title should be left-justified. The list should be alphabetical by surname of author or first co-author and should be in the style of the following examples. Contributors should particularly ensure that they follow these practices with respect to the use of punctuation and lower- and upper-case letters. It is important to include, where they exist, part numbers as well as volume number of cited journals and inclusive page numbers of material from journals and edited collections. It is also important to provide any subtitle of a book or an article, as well as the forenames and/or initials of authors of cited material, as given in the original reference. Contributors are also requested to take care that only those references cited in the text appear in the list of References and vice versa. General bibliographies should not be given.

ANTHIAS, FLOYA 1992 'Connecting "race" and ethnic phenomena', Sociology, vol. 26, no. 3, pp. 421-38
BANTON, MICHAEL 1983 Racial and Ethnic Competition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
-- 1987a Racial Theories, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
-- 1987b 'The beginning and the end of the racial issue in British politics', Policy and Politics, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 39-47
BUTLER, DAVID and STOKES, DONALD 1974 Political Change in Britain: The Evolution of Electoral Choice, 2nd edn, London: Macmillan
CHARLES, MARIA 1990 'Occupational Sex Segregation: A Log-linear Analysis of Patterns in Twenty-five Industrial Countries', PhD dissertation, Department of Sociology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
DOLLARD, JOHN 1988 Caste and Class in a Southern Town, 4th edn, Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press [1st edn, New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1937]
ENGBERSEN, GODFRIED and VAN DER LEUN, JOANNE 1998 'Illegality and criminality: the differential opportunity structure of undocumented immigrants', in Khalid Koser and Helma Lutz (eds), The New Migration in Europe: Social Constructions and Social Realities, Basingstoke:_Macmillan, pp. 199-223
HIMMELWEIT, HILDE T. et al. 1981 How Voters Decide. A Longitudinal Study of Political Attitudes and Voting Extending Over Fifteen Years, London: Academic Press
MESSINA, ANTHONY M. 1989 Race and Party Competition in Britain, Oxford: Clarendon Press
PERRINEAU, PASCAL 1985 'Le Front National: un électorat autoritaire', Revue Politique et Parlementaire, no. 918, pp. 24-31
SOMBART, WERNER 1976 Why Is There No Socialism in the United States?, London: Macmillan [first published in German in 1906]
THOMAS, J. J. R. 1985 'Rationalization and the status of gender divisions', Sociology, vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 409-20
WALVIN, JAMES 1982 'Black caricature: the roots of racialism', in Charles Husband (ed.), 'Race' in Britain: Continuity and Change, London: Hutchinson, pp. 59-72

Give only the first named place of publication if more than one are listed on the title-page of a book. It is helpful if the names of American towns or cities (except New York) are followed by the Post-Office-approved two-letter abbreviation of the state concerned; e.g., Cambridge, Massachusetts, should be identified as 'Cambridge, MA'. Publications with up to three co-authors should be referenced as in the Butler/Stokes example; those with four or more co-authors should be referenced as in the Himmelweit example.

Internet references References in the text to internet resources should be made in the usual way with the name of the individual author of the material (e.g., Solomos 1999) or of the organization maintaining the website, followed by the date. Information about the electronic location of the information should be given in the References at the end of the article. All internet references should be integrated into the alphabetized list of textual references at the end of the article, following these conventions: they should be listed in alphabetical order of author (if an article in a journal) or the holder of the website (if an organization); cite the full website address, and give the date on which the site was accessed. If a website has been cited without being accessed, it should be cited with 'n.ac.'

Articles published in electronic journals should be cited in the following format:

SOLOMOS, JOHN 1999 'Social research and the Stephen Lawrence Inquiry', Sociological Research Online, vol. 4, no. 1, http://www.socresonline.org.uk/socresonline/4/lawrence/solomos.html
[followed by paragraph number if citing a particular point in the text.]
More information about ways of citing electronic material may be found in Janice R. Walker and Todd Taylor, The Columbia Guide to Online Style (New York: Columbia University Press, 1998), Part 1, 'Citation'.

See also Graham Shields and Graham Walton, Cite Them Right! How To Organise Bibliographical References, particularly the section on how to cite Electronic Information at:
http://www.unn.ac.uk/central/isd/cite/elec.htm

Notes These should be kept to the necessary minimum, titled 'Notes', and should be used only where inclusion of the material in the text would disturb the flow of the article. They should be numbered sequentially throughout the article and be typed or printed double-spaced separately immediately after the text, beginning on a new page.

Book reviews These are normally solicited by the Editors. It is therefore advisable not to prepare book reviews without prior consultation with them. Books for review should be sent to the Managing Editor.

Proofs Page-proofs of accepted articles will be sent to contributors by the publishers. Corrected proofs must be returned to the Managing Editor of Ethnic and Racial Studies as soon as possible after receipt and by or before the date indicated by the publishers when they send out authors' proofs. The attention of authors is drawn particularly to the fact that no substantive changes are permissible at proof stage; rigid adherence to this principle will be maintained and authors are accordingly urged to ensure that their submitted articles are error-free.

Copyright. It is a condition of publication that authors assign copyright or license the publication rights in their articles, including abstracts, to Taylor & Francis. This enables us to ensure full copyright protection and to disseminate the article, and of course the Journal, to the widest possible readership in print and electronic formats as appropriate. Authors may, of course, use the article elsewhere after publication without prior permission from Taylor & Francis, provided that acknowledgement is given to the Journal as original source of publication, and that Taylor & Francis is notified so that our records show that its use is properly authorised. Authors retain a number of other rights under the Taylor & Francis rights policies documents. These policies are referred to at www.informaworld.com/authors_journals_copyright_position for full details. Authors are themselves responsible for obtaining permission to reproduce copyright material from other sources.

Libel Attention is drawn to the fact that the acceptance of an article, report or review is conditional upon its author or authors having ensured that it contains nothing which is unlawful. Agreement by authors to the publication of their material necessarily implies acceptance of this condition.

Free article access: Corresponding authors will receive free online access to their article through our website (www.informaworld.com) and a complimentary copy of the issue containing their article. Reprints of articles published in this journal can be purchased through Rightslink® when proofs are received. If you have any queries, please contact our reprints department at reprints@tandf.co.uk