The instructions below are specifically directed at authors that wish to submit a manuscript to Norsk Geografisk Tidsskrift-Norwegian Journal of Geography. For general information, please visit the Publish With Us section of our website.

Contributions to Norsk Geografisk Tidsskrift-Norwegian Journal of Geography must report original research and will be subjected to review by referees at the discretion of the Editorial Office.

Norsk Geografisk Tidsskrift-Norwegian Journal of Geographyconsiders all manuscripts on the strict condition that they have been submitted only to Norsk Geografisk Tidsskrift-Norwegian Journal of Geography, that they have not been published already, nor are they under consideration for publication or in press elsewhere. Authors who fail to adhere to this condition will be charged with all costs which Norsk Geografisk Tidsskrift-Norwegian Journal of Geographyincurs and their papers will not be published.

Norsk Geografisk Tidsskrift-Norwegian Journal of Geography publishes scholarly papers in English. However, the journal also includes a section for short articles and reviews which may be in English or the Scandinavian languages. Contributors who are unfamiliar with English usage should have the language of their manuscripts checked prior to submission. This helps to avoid publication delays.  

• Articles – Artikler (8000–10,000 words)
• Research Notes – Forskningsnotiser (4000 words maximum)
• Short Articles – Notisartikler (4000 words maximum)
• Comments – Kommentarer (4000 words maximum)
• Review Articles – Anmeldsesartikler
• Doctoral Theses – Doktoravhandlinger (1400 words maximum)
• Book Reviews – Litteraturanmeldelser (1400 words maximum)
• Conference Reports – Konferanserapporter
• Obituaries – Nekrologer (1000–2000 words)

Manuscripts should be set in 12pt Times New Roman (TNR) and doublespaced.

Separate pages should be used for:

• Cover page (see separate section below)
• Main text (numbered, starting on first page)
• List of references
• Appendices (if any)
• Tables with headings
• Figures
• Figure captions

The Cover page should include:

• Title of paper and author's name (normal usage)
• Preceding the Abstract: Author's surname and initial(s), year date, title of paper, Norsk Geografisk Tidsskrift - Norwegian Journal of Geography Vol. 00, 00-00. Oslo. ISSN 0029-1951.
• Abstract, in one paragraph and not exceeding 200 words
• 3-5 keywords or keyword phrases
• Author's name, institution (English name) and address (including full postal code), followed by the e-mail address. In the case of co-authored papers, the e-mail address of the second author may be given. In the case of multiple authors, only the e-mail address of the author for correspondence purposes (i.e. the first named) is required.
• Running head derived from the title of the article (maximum 10 words)

All submissions should be made online at the Norsk Geografisk Tidsskrift-Norwegian Journal of Geography Manuscript Central site. New users should first create an account. Once logged on to the site, submissions should be made via the Author Centre. Online user guides and access to a helpdesk are available on this website.

Authors should prepare and upload two versions of their manuscript. One should be a complete text, while in the second all document information identifying the author should be removed from files to allow them to be sent anonymously to referees. When uploading files authors will be able to define the non-anonymous version as “File not for review”.

Manuscripts may be submitted in any standard format, including Word, PostScript and PDF. These files will be automatically converted into a PDF file for the review process. This journal does not accept Microsoft Word 2007 documents. Please use Word's "Save As" option to save your document as an older (.doc) file type.

Text (specific points in alpha order)

Abbreviations

• NW, N-W, etc. are acceptable
• Use abbreviated forms when referring to Figures: Fig. 1 or Figs. 1 and 2 (not Figure 1 or Figures 1 & 2)
• For 'million years', 'million years ago' use Ma or ma (after the first mention in full)

Apostrophes

• Avoid redundant apostrophes: 1990s not 1990's 
• When quoting approximate units of measurements and amounts the journal's practice is to use 'c.' (e.g. c.25 km) or 'approximately' in preference to 'around' or 'about'.

Contractions
The journal does not normally use contractions (e.g. don't, can't, it's). The exceptions to this rule are:

• Reported speech. However, translations of reported speech should give the full form
• Previously published quotations

Copyright (use of copyright material and borrowed material within the article)

• Authors are responsible for obtaining written permission from the copyright holders to reproduce or use copyrighted material (text, i.e. prose passages over 500 words, tables, photographs, and other illustrations) and confirmation of permission must be submitted with the manuscript.
• 'Borrowed' material, e.g. illustrations based on or modified from other sources must be acknowledged in the Figure or Table caption, e.g. (Source: xxx).

Currency

• When giving values in local currency, also give a USD equivalent in parentheses (i.e. the equivalent current at the time referred to in the text).

Dates

• The preferred style for dates is 20 June1997 (not 24th June or June 24th,1997)

Electronic files

• Text files should be submitted in Microsoft Word
• Illustrations (maps, diagrams, photographs) should be submitted in one of the following formats: TIFF, PostScript or EPS,. Normally, the printers will not accept files in other formats.

Headings
Headings should be styled as follows:

• Level 1: 14 pt
• Level 2: 12 pt, italic
• Level 3: 12 pt, italic, followed by a full stop or colon and run on into the text

Justification

• Do not justify the text, but use a ragged right-hand margin.

Language (& spelling forms)

• UK or US English is acceptable.
• Scandinavian languages are accepted only for short articles, reviews, etc.. These will be formatted according to the normal style of the language, but will follow the journal's style for abbreviations (e.g. %, c., 'fig.'), quotation marks, amounts expressed in numerals, etc.
• Use italic for non-English words, phrases, names of institutions, and organizations.
• Latin words and abbreviations should be in italic unless they are in common usage, i.e. they appear in a current edition of the Oxford Dictionary of English, for example, 'et al.').
• Provide an English translation for non-English words and phrases, and for the names of non-English institutions and organizations mentioned in the text.
• Avoid the use of the second person ('we'), unless the article is written by two authors

Numerals

• Use words for numerals under ten, but not if numbers under ten appear in the same sentence as numbers above, e.g. when discussing statistics or units of measurement.
• Use words rather than numerals at the start of sentences.
• Punctuate numerals of five or more digits (using a comma, to avoid text wrap-around at the end of the line in the printed version), e.g. 126,000.

Paragraphs

• There should be no space between a section heading and the start of the paragraph immediately following.
• Indicate new paragraphs with normal paragraph indentation, except for the first paragraph immediately below a section heading (not indented).
• Paragraphs should be typed without a space between them.
• NB If equations are inserted mid-text then the continuation text below the equation should not be indented as if it were a new paragraph.
• Illustrations and Tables should not be inserted in the text but submitted on separate pages (see separate sections relating to Figures and Tables).

Punctuation (see also Quotations)

(1) Colon:

• Use colons to separate main clauses.
• Use a lower case letter to start the first word of the text immediately following a colon.

(2) Semi-colon:

• Use to unite clearly associated parts of sentences
• Text following a semi-colon should form a complete sentence (otherwise use a colon or other punctuation).
• A semi-colon is stronger than a comma.
• A semi-colon can be used to separate items in long or complex lists, and in lists preceded by a colon.

Quotations (see also Punctuation)

• Use single quotation marks, and only use double quotation marks for quotations within quotations.
• Normally, quotations should be 'introduced' (e.g. with a colon or a comma at the end of the preceding text).
• Lengthy quotations of more than 60 words can be set down as displayed text. A displayed quotation is not shown in quotation marks.

Scientific names at genus level and below

• Use italic
• Common names should be accompanied by the scientific name upon first use: e.g. Norway spruce (Picea abies).

Typeface

1) Bold:

• Do not use bold typeface, except in Tables and Figures (though this should be avoided if possible).

2) Italic:

• Titles of published books and series (journals, etc.)
• Non-English words and phrases
• Names of institutions and organizations
• Scientific names at genus level and below
• Heading Levels 2 and 3
• Emphasized words

3) NB Underlining is not used

• Units of measurement
• Use metric units
• Use abbreviations, but do not punctuate: km, m, g, ha; 100 m (with space between numbers and abbreviation)
• With 'per' expressions, a solidus (oblique slash) can be used instead of 'per' after the first mention has been given in the full form, e.g. '0.65°C per 100 m' (first mention), 0.65°C/100 m (subsequent mentions).
• Height above sea level should be expressed: m a.s.l. (e.g. 300 m a.s.l.).
• Temperatures should be expressed in degrees Celsius: 65°C (no spaces between characters).
• Radiocarbon dates should be given in full, with counting error: 10,000 ± 150 14C yr BP, and include the laboratory number in an appropriate place in the manuscript.
• Calibrated ages should be reported as a year or range of years: 10,200-9800 cal yr BP.
• Approximate measurements should be given as 'c.': c.15°C; this is preferable to expressions such as 'about'.
• Descriptive text: 'a few kilometres to the west' not 'a few km to the west'
• The preferred style for cubic measurements is: km2.
• Style ranges as follows: 2-10 m, 20-30%.

Notes
The use of notes should be avoided, though if necessary a few endnotes may be placed after the text and before the Acknowledgements (if any) and References list.

Acknowledgements
Acknowledgement of grants and other assistance may be placed at the end of the text, i.e. before the References.

References (in text and listed)

General points

• Missing or incorrect references may risk publication delays.
• All references to published works (including Internet publications) mentioned in the text should be included in the list of references.
• References to unpublished conference papers and public lectures can be treated as endnotes.
• Ensure that page numbers are given in the reference list for articles in periodicals and chapters in books.
• References to Internet sources in the reference list should state the web address, date of website where known, and date accessed (year, and month if possible).
• When citing multiple authors use '&' (not 'and').
• Avoid 'author cited in author(s)' references. Instead, refer to the original source, or where one author is interpreting another, list both authors as normal references.
• 'Ibid' and 'op. cit.' should not be used.

Styling references in the text

• Single author: Brown (1987)
• Joint authors: Brown & White (1991)
• Multiple authors: Brown et al. (1993)
• Multiple references should be listed in date order and separated by a semi-colon: (Green 1987; Brown & White 1991; Brown et al. 1995).
• References with page numbers: (Brown 1987, 1-3; Brown & White 1991, 61)
• Papers accepted for publication may be referred to as 'in press': (Brown in press).
• Unpublished manuscripts and papers in preparation should be referred to as: (J. Green, unpublished data).
• Personal communication should be cited: (H.J. White, personal communication 1997).
• 1st, 2nd, and 3rd works, etc. by the same author and published in the same year should be indicated by a, b, c, etc: (White 1966a).

Styling references in the Reference list

• Unpublished and informally published manuscripts and papers in preparation should not be included in the list of references.
• Personal communications should not be cited in the list, only in the text.
• Papers accepted for publication should be have 'In press.' in place of a year date, e.g. 'Jones, M. In press.'
• List entries in alphabetical order, but do not number them.
• Authors' names starting with Scandinavian and German vowels should be placed according to international alphabetical order: = Aa, and = Ae, and = Oe, = Ue.
• In cases of authors with more than one initial, the initials will be printed close up, without spaces between.
• 1st, 2nd, and 3rd works, etc. by the same author in the same year should be indicated by a, b, c, etc: White, S. 1966a, White, S. 1966b. Ditto marks (or any other marks) should not be used.
• All authors should be listed (i.e. do not use 'et al.').
• References where an author (or editor) cannot be identified should be listed alphabetically by title, e.g. newspapers, names of organizations, dictionaries.
• Titles of periodicals or series (journals, monographs, etc.) in English should be written in full (not abbreviated), with capitals used for first letters of all words, except articles, conjunctions and prepositions.
• However, for titles in Scandinavian or other languages, follow the normal style of the language.
• Titles of books, journals, reports, maps, theses, and dissertations should be in italic.
• Subtitles (preceded by a colon) should start with a capital letter for the first word. The only time the first word is not capitalized is when it is clearly part of the main title.
• Capitalize first letters of all words in titles of books and periodicals, except for the following words: articles, conjunctions and prepositions. Titles of articles, however, should not be capitalized, except for the first letters of initial word and proper names.
• When referring to ancient or classical works, or to older works that have been republished, use the following style in the text: (Hobbes 1991 [1651]), with the corresponding entry in the References: Hobbes, T. 1991 [1651]. Leviathan. Tuck, R. (ed.) Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

References: Examples

Book
de Zoysa, D.A. 1995. The Great Sandy River: Class and Gender Transformation among Pioneer Settlers in Sri Lanka's Frontier. Het Spinhuis, Amsterdam.

Flowerdew, R. & Martin, D. 2005. Methods in Human Geography. Pearson, Prentice Hall, Glasgow.

Hartshorne, R. 1939. The Nature of Geography. A Critical Survey of Current Thought in the Light of the Past. Association of American Geographers, Lancaster (Pa).

Moss, P. (ed.) 2002. Feminist Geography in Practice. Research and Methods. Blackwell, Oxford.

Republic of Botswana. 2004. Botswana Millennium Development Goals. United Nations, Gaborone.

Thomas, W.L. (ed.) 1956. Man's Role in Changing the Face of the Earth. 2 Vols. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.

Valentine, G. 2001. Social Geographies: Space and Society. Prentice Hall, Harlow.

Thesis
Doeven, HMW. 2003. The Potential of the Soil Seed Bank in a Colonizing Heathland on Kalvya, Central Norway. Master's thesis, Department of Biology and Nature Conservation, Agricultural University of Norway, s.

Eikaas, H.S. 2004. The Effect of Habitat Fragmentation in New Zealand. PhD thesis, University of Canterbury, Christchurch.

Owusu, G. 2005. The Role of District Capitals in Regional Development: Linking Small Towns, Rural-Urban Linkages and Decentralisation in Ghana. Doctoral Theses at NTNU 2005:118, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim.

Periodical
Hicks, E.C., Bungum & Lindholm, C.D. 2000. Seismic activity, inferred crustal stresses and seismotectonics in the Rana region, Northern Norway. Quaternery Science Reviews 19, 1423-1436.

Sauer, C.O. 1925. The morphology of landscape. University of California Publications in Geography 2:2, 19-53.

Setten, G. 2004. The habitus, the rule and the moral landscape. Cultural Geographies 11:4, 389-415.

Series Report (i.e. published irregularly)
Fremstad, E. & Nilsen, L.S. 2000. Tarva: verdifull kulturmark i utmark. NTNU, Vitenskapsmuseet, Rapport botanisk serie 2000-10, 1-29.

Hudson, R. 2002. Changing Industrial Production Systems and Regional Development in the New Europe. Working Paper 45. International Center for Regional Regeneration and Development Studies, University of Durham, Durham

Article in collected works (edited books and periodicals, including multiple volumes)
Asheim, B.T. & Gertler, M.S. 2005. The geography of innovation: Regional innovation systems. Fagerberg, J., Mowery, D.C. & Nelson, R.R. (eds.) The Oxford Handbook of Innovation, 291-317. Oxford University Press, Oxford.

Cosgrove, D. 2000. Cultural landscape. Johnston, R.J., Gregory, D., Pratt, G. & Watts, M. (eds.) The Dictionary of Human Geography, 4th ed., 138-141. Blackwell, Oxford.

Dunn, K. 2000. Interviewing. Hay, I. (ed.) Qualitative Research Methods in Human Geography, 50-81. Oxford University Press, Oxford.

Sauer, C.O. 1956. The agency of the man on the earth. Thomas, W.L. (ed.) Man's Role in Changing the Face of the Earth Vol. 1, 49-69. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.

Article in conference proceedings
Vonder Mhll, D., Stucki, T. & Haeberli, W. 1998. Borehole temperatures in Alpine permafrost: a ten year series. 7th International Conference on Permafrost (Yellowknife, 23-27 June 1998), Collection Nordicana 57, 1089-1096. Centre d'tudes nordiques, UniversitLaval, Qubec.

Newspaper
Vietnam News. 2003. Challenges for Vietnam textile garments. 24 January.

The Herald. 1 March 2000. The people of North Harris can look at the land and know it is theirs (David Ross). Glasgow.

Hunter, J. 1985. Crofters post notice of a Highland revival. The Scotsman 18 July.

• Page numbers are not normally required for articles published in newspapers.

Internet source
United Nations. 1948. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights. (http://www.un.org/Overview/rights.html) (accessed May 2006).

• If there are many Internet sources, these can be listed after the References, under a separate heading 'Internet sources'

In press
Author, A.N. In press. Title of Article. Publisher, Publication place.

Appendices (if any)

• If used, appendices should appear after the References.
• When referred to in the text, the full form should be given, not an abbreviation: Appendix (not App.)

Tables

• Should be reproducible to the published page width (16.8 cm) or to the column width (8 cm)
• Tables should be numbered in a separate sequence from Figures
• Use Arabic numbering
• All tables should be referred to in the text by their number

Figures

• Figure and tables must be saved individually and separate to text. Please do not embed figures in the paper file.
• Avoid the use of colour and tints for purely aesthetic reasons.
• Should be reproducible on the published page width (16.8 cm) or to the column width (8 cm). Line thickness on drawings should allow for reduction. Letters and numerals should not be less than 2 mm in the final printed illustration.
• All figures (e.g. maps, graphs, drawings, photographs) should be numbered in the order in which they appear in the paper (e.g. figure 1, figure 2). In mult-part figures, each part should be labelled (e.g. figure 1(a), figure 1(b)).
• The filename for the graphic should be descriptive of the graphic, eg. Figure1, Figure 2a.
• Files should be saved as one of the following formats: TIFF (tagged image file format), PostScript or EPS (encapsulated PostScript).
• All figures should be referred to in the text using the abbreviated form: Fig. 1.
• Photographs and other illustrations will be reproduced in black and white unless otherwise agreed with the editors. Any Figures printed in colour will be at the discretion of the editors and at the author's expense.
• All maps should have a scale (with 'km' or other abbreviation at the right-hand end), a north point, and information to fix the geographical position (e.g. paired Northing and Easting marks, Arctic Circle) (see a recent copy of a previous issue for style).
• Use 'Key' rather than 'Legend'.

Figure captions

• Captions should provide sufficient information to allow the figure to be understood without referring to the text. Indicate where relevant the date of the information. Provide sources where secondary sources have been used.
• Figure captions must be saved separately, as part of the file containing the complete text of the paper, and numbered correspondingly, and not incorporated as part of the image itself.
• For photographs, give the source at the end of the caption, e.g. '(Photo: name of photographer)'.

Proofs (supplied as PDFs)

• Any replacement Figures and Tables must be at the same size as the original, unless requested differently by the editors.
• Changes made directly to the PDFs are not accepted. The PDFs should be printed out and corrections are to be made on the hard copies.
• An article will not be published unless the signed copyright form is returned by the author (normally the firstnamed author in the case of multiple authorship) as instructed.

Copyright
It is a condition of publication that authors assign copyright or licence the publication rights in their articles, including abstracts, to Taylor & Francis. This enables us to ensure full copyright protection and to disseminate the article, and of course the Journal, to the widest possible readership in print and electronic formats as appropriate. Authors retain many rights under the Taylor & Francis rights policies, which can be found at www.informaworld.com/authors_journals_copyright_position. Authors are themselves responsible for obtaining permission to reproduce copyright material from other sources.